Computer programming is the craft of writing useful, maintainable, and extensible source code which can be interpreted or compiled by a computing system to perform a meaningful task.Programming is a way of thinking, not a rote skill. Learning about "for" loops is not learning to program, any more than learning about pencils is learning to draw.People understand what they can see. If a programmer cannot see what a program is doing, They can't understand it.
The goals of a programming can be:
i)To support and encourage powerful ways of thinking
ii)To enable programmers to see and understand the execution of their programs
A live-coding Processing environment addresses neither of these goals. JavaScript and Processing are poorly-designed languages that support weak ways of thinking, and ignore decades of learning about learning. And live coding, as a standalone feature, misses the point.
Alan Perlis wrote, "To understand a program, you must become both the machine and the program." This view is a mistake, and it is this widespread and virulent mistake that keeps programming a difficult and obscure art. A person is not a machine, and should not be forced to think like one.
A program is a set of step-by-step instructions that directs the computer to do the tasks you want it to do and produce the results you want. Programming helps you understand computers. The computer is only a tool. If you learn how to write simple programs, you will gain more knowledge about how a computer works.
Writing a few simple programs increases your confidence level. Many people find great personal satisfaction in creating a set of instructions that solve a problem.Learning programming lets you find out quickly whether you like programming and whether you have the analytical turn of mind programmers need. Even if you decide that programming is not for you, understanding the process certainly will increase your appreciation of what programmers and computers can do.
A set of rules that provides a way of telling a computer what operations to perform is called a programming language.There is not, however, just one programming language; there are many. In this chapter you will learn about controlling a computer through the process of programming.
You may even discover that you might want to become a programmer.
This lowest level of language, machine language, represents data and program instructions as 1s and Os-binary digits corresponding to the on and off electrical states in the computer.
Each type of computer has its own machine language.In the early days of computing, programmers had rudimentary systems for combining numbers to represent instructions such as add and compare.
Primitive by today's standards, the programs were not convenient for people to read and use. The computer industry quickly moved to develop assembly languages.
Although assembly languages represent a step forward, they still have many disadvantages. A key disadvantage is that assembly language is detailed in the extreme, making assembly programming repetitive, tedious, and error prone. Assembly language may be easier to read than machine language, but it is still tedious.
An assembly (or assembler) language, often abbreviated asm, is a low-level programming language for a computer,or other programmable device, in which there is a very strong (generally one-to-one) correspondence between the language and the architecture's machine code
A high-level language is a programming language that uses English and mathematical symbols, like +, -, % and many others, in its instructions. When using the term 'programming languages,' most people are actually referring to high-level languages. High-level languages are the languages most often used by programmers to write programs.
Examples of high level languages are C++, Fortran, Java and Python.
Very early in the development of computers attempts were made to make programming easier by reducing the amount of knowledge of the internal workings of the computer that was needed to write programs. If programs could be presented in a language that was more familiar to the person solving the problem, then fewer mistakes would be made. High-level programming languages allow the specification of a problem solution in terms closer to those used by human beings. These languages were designed to make programming far easier, less error-prone and to remove the programmer from having to know the details of the internal structure of a particular computer. These high-level languages were much closer to human language.
Another advantage accrues from the use of high-level languages if the languages are standardised by some international body. Then each manufacturer produces a compiler to compile programs that conform to the standard into their own internal machine language. This great advantage of portability of programs has been achieved for several high-level languages and it is now possible to move programs from one computer to another without too much difficulty. Unfortunately many compiler writers add new features of their own which means that if a programmer uses these features then their program becomes non-portable. It is well worth becoming familiar with the standard and writing programs which obey it, so that your programs are more likely to be portable.
As with assembly language human time is saved at the expense of the compilation time required to translate the program to internal machine language
"programing is not just solving problems,and its not difficult task to do some hardwork,it don't have destination,etc...its like gaming,and we don't need to work hard,just passion is enough, we can enjoy programming! ".... cheers!!! lets enjoy pogramming !!!
The goals of a programming can be:
i)To support and encourage powerful ways of thinking
ii)To enable programmers to see and understand the execution of their programs
A live-coding Processing environment addresses neither of these goals. JavaScript and Processing are poorly-designed languages that support weak ways of thinking, and ignore decades of learning about learning. And live coding, as a standalone feature, misses the point.
Alan Perlis wrote, "To understand a program, you must become both the machine and the program." This view is a mistake, and it is this widespread and virulent mistake that keeps programming a difficult and obscure art. A person is not a machine, and should not be forced to think like one.
Fun with Programming
Programming is lots of fun and extraordinarily useful.It allows you be creative and also opens up a wide range of new careers for you. You may already have used software, perhaps for word processing or spreadsheets, to solve problems. Perhaps now you are curious to learn how programmers write software.A program is a set of step-by-step instructions that directs the computer to do the tasks you want it to do and produce the results you want. Programming helps you understand computers. The computer is only a tool. If you learn how to write simple programs, you will gain more knowledge about how a computer works.
Writing a few simple programs increases your confidence level. Many people find great personal satisfaction in creating a set of instructions that solve a problem.Learning programming lets you find out quickly whether you like programming and whether you have the analytical turn of mind programmers need. Even if you decide that programming is not for you, understanding the process certainly will increase your appreciation of what programmers and computers can do.
A set of rules that provides a way of telling a computer what operations to perform is called a programming language.There is not, however, just one programming language; there are many. In this chapter you will learn about controlling a computer through the process of programming.
You may even discover that you might want to become a programmer.
Bits and Bytes
Programming is lots of fun and extraordinarily useful.It allows you be creative and also opens up a wide range of new careers for you. Humans do not like to deal in numbers alone-they prefer letters and words. But, strictly speaking, numbers are what machine language is.This lowest level of language, machine language, represents data and program instructions as 1s and Os-binary digits corresponding to the on and off electrical states in the computer.
Each type of computer has its own machine language.In the early days of computing, programmers had rudimentary systems for combining numbers to represent instructions such as add and compare.
Primitive by today's standards, the programs were not convenient for people to read and use. The computer industry quickly moved to develop assembly languages.
Assembler
The programmer who uses an assembly language requires a translator to convert the assembly language program into machine language.A translator is needed because machine language is the only language the computer can actually execute. The translator is an assembler program, also referred to as an assembler. It takes the programs written in assembly language and turns them into machine language. Programmers need not worry about the translating aspect; they need only write programs in assembly language. The translation is taken care of by the assembler.Although assembly languages represent a step forward, they still have many disadvantages. A key disadvantage is that assembly language is detailed in the extreme, making assembly programming repetitive, tedious, and error prone. Assembly language may be easier to read than machine language, but it is still tedious.
An assembly (or assembler) language, often abbreviated asm, is a low-level programming language for a computer,or other programmable device, in which there is a very strong (generally one-to-one) correspondence between the language and the architecture's machine code
High-Level Languages
A high-level language is a programming language that uses English and mathematical symbols, like +, -, % and many others, in its instructions. When using the term 'programming languages,' most people are actually referring to high-level languages. High-level languages are the languages most often used by programmers to write programs.
Examples of high level languages are C++, Fortran, Java and Python.
Very early in the development of computers attempts were made to make programming easier by reducing the amount of knowledge of the internal workings of the computer that was needed to write programs. If programs could be presented in a language that was more familiar to the person solving the problem, then fewer mistakes would be made. High-level programming languages allow the specification of a problem solution in terms closer to those used by human beings. These languages were designed to make programming far easier, less error-prone and to remove the programmer from having to know the details of the internal structure of a particular computer. These high-level languages were much closer to human language.
Another advantage accrues from the use of high-level languages if the languages are standardised by some international body. Then each manufacturer produces a compiler to compile programs that conform to the standard into their own internal machine language. This great advantage of portability of programs has been achieved for several high-level languages and it is now possible to move programs from one computer to another without too much difficulty. Unfortunately many compiler writers add new features of their own which means that if a programmer uses these features then their program becomes non-portable. It is well worth becoming familiar with the standard and writing programs which obey it, so that your programs are more likely to be portable.
As with assembly language human time is saved at the expense of the compilation time required to translate the program to internal machine language
"programing is not just solving problems,and its not difficult task to do some hardwork,it don't have destination,etc...its like gaming,and we don't need to work hard,just passion is enough, we can enjoy programming! ".... cheers!!! lets enjoy pogramming !!!
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